Jair Bolsonaro
Based on the ten principles of National Conservatism, Jair Bolsonaro can be evaluated in terms of how well his policies and rhetoric align with these principles. Here’s a breakdown of each principle in relation to Bolsonaro:
1.Exclusionary Sovereignty and Identity
Bolsonaro strongly emphasized Brazil’s sovereignty and national identity, often invoking Christian values and promoting Brazil’s traditional cultural heritage. However, his rhetoric sometimes alienated minority groups, particularly Indigenous peoples and LGBTQ+ communities, aligning with this principle’s exclusionary aspects.
2.Economic Nationalism
While Bolsonaro pursued economic liberalization, his focus on protecting Brazil’s agricultural sector and resistance to international environmental agreements reflect elements of economic nationalism. Critics argue that his favoritism toward politically connected agribusiness undermines fair competition.
3.Patriotism Over Global Cooperation
Bolsonaro frequently rejected global cooperation frameworks, criticizing international institutions like the UN and dismissing the Paris Climate Accord as a threat to Brazilian sovereignty. This aligns strongly with prioritizing patriotism over global cooperation.
4.Prioritizing Economy Over Environment
Bolsonaro’s administration consistently prioritized economic development over environmental protection, particularly in policies affecting the Amazon rainforest. His alignment with this principle is clear in his deregulation of environmental protections and support for industrial expansion.
5.Restrictive Social Welfare
Bolsonaro restructured social welfare programs, emphasizing limited resources for Brazilian citizens while resisting benefits for immigrants and marginalized communities. His rhetoric often framed this as protecting national resources.
6.Nationalist Education
Bolsonaro’s policies aimed to reshape Brazil’s education system, reducing focus on progressive topics like gender studies and climate change while emphasizing traditional values and nationalist narratives. This reflects his alignment with nationalist education principles.
7.Harsh Immigration Policies
Although immigration is less of a central issue in Brazil, Bolsonaro’s rhetoric occasionally framed immigrants as potential threats, aligning with this principle’s emphasis on restrictive immigration policies and cultural protectionism.
8.Enforcing Traditional Family Structures
Bolsonaro strongly promoted traditional family structures and opposed progressive policies supporting LGBTQ+ rights and alternative family models. This principle aligns well with his administration’s focus on conservative social values.
9.Controlling Media and Shaping Narratives
Bolsonaro frequently criticized mainstream media as biased and used social media platforms to connect directly with supporters. His administration was accused of spreading misinformation, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, aligning with this principle.
10.Militarized National Security Focus
Bolsonaro emphasized strong national security, increasing defense spending and militarizing parts of the government. His focus on law enforcement and border security over diplomacy aligns closely with this principle.
Summary:
Bolsonaro aligns well with many of these principles, particularly Exclusionary Sovereignty and Identity, Patriotism Over Global Cooperation, Prioritizing Economy Over Environment, and Enforcing Traditional Family Structures. While immigration was less central to his policies, his rhetoric and actions broadly reflect the themes of National Conservatism as outlined here.
Sources forthcomming