Iran employs a mul­ti­fac­eted approach to influ­ence oper­a­tions, lever­ag­ing cyber activ­i­ties, affil­i­at­ed orga­ni­za­tions, and state-con­trolled media to advance its glob­al objec­tives. Iran­ian hack­ers tar­get polit­i­cal fig­ures and insti­tu­tions, gath­er­ing intel­li­gence and dis­rupt­ing adver­saries as part of a broad­er cyber strat­e­gy. Beyond this, Iran extends its influ­ence through orga­ni­za­tions like the Islam­ic Cen­ter of Eng­land, which pro­motes Iran­ian ide­o­log­i­cal nar­ra­tives but has faced scruti­ny for its ties to the regime and role in dis­sem­i­nat­ing pro­pa­gan­da. Adding to this is PressTV, Iran’s state-fund­ed inter­na­tion­al news net­work, which broad­casts in mul­ti­ple lan­guages to align with Tehran’s for­eign pol­i­cy goals, counter unfa­vor­able nar­ra­tives, and shape glob­al pub­lic opin­ion. These coor­di­nat­ed efforts high­light Iran’s sophis­ti­cat­ed influ­ence oper­a­tions and their impli­ca­tions for inter­na­tion­al sta­bil­i­ty, gov­er­nance, and security.